资料图:法国选手马蒂厄·贝莱的中国风头盔
马蒂厄·贝莱说,这是他特意为北京冬奥会设计的头盔。他特别解释,虽然今年是虎年,但龙是中国的象征,所以放了龙的图案。由此引来中国网友评价——“太懂了”。
从北京冬奥会到国际时装周,从日常消费到文化娱乐,十年来,伴随着国潮崛起、华流出海,懂得品味中国文化的人越来越多。
十年来,中国人也借由国潮,转变与自我对话的视角。
从“中国制造”到“中国智造”
好莱坞大片《2012》中有这样一个桥段,世界末日来临,中国制造的诺亚方舟成为拯救人类的最后希望。电影公映时,这一中国元素曾引发热议。
很长时间以来,“Made in China”是中国在世界上认知度最高的标签之一。但说起中国品牌,推崇的人却不多。即便在中国,很多人也默认“进口的”才是大牌,“洋品牌”才值得信赖。
这种情形在近年来得到改变。国潮悄然兴起,并迅速成为一种风尚,赢得90后、00后的青睐。2018年,中国运动品牌李宁携中国元素鞋服亮相纽约时装周,故宫推出文创口红,老干妈、大白兔等一批老字号集体创新,中国潮流强势出海。
故宫博物院文化创意馆认证微信公众号截图。有数据显示,从2011年到2021年,国潮相关搜索热度上涨528%。从2016年到2021年,中国品牌搜索热度占品牌总热度比例从45%提升至75%,为海外品牌的三倍。
如今,国潮正进入“3.0时代”,不再局限于特定品牌,而是成为一种消费和文化概念。在国货崛起之外,更意味着文化与科技的全面复兴。
从“一墩难求”到中国潮玩受热捧,再到手机、汽车、家电等创新产品受到国际市场认可,有评论指出,这是“中国制造”向“中国智造”的升级。
资料图:6月25日,四川省成都市玉林东路上演了一场国潮汉服巡游活动。 中新社发 余轩 摄从“中国元素”到“中国文化”
“为什么LOGO大的衣服在浙江卖得不太好,还不如欧洲,我本来听说中国人很爱LOGO。”多年前,曾有国外服饰品牌高层如此发问。
十年来,中国消费市场快速发展,“世界工厂”亦成为“全球市场”。奢侈品品牌涌向中国,将中国元素融入产品设计,然而却常因运用不当被中国消费者吐槽。
加上中国元素就能体现中国文化吗?什么才能代表中国文化?这些问题同样萦绕在中国文化行业从业者的心头。
十年来,关于国潮文化的探索一步步展开——《西游记之大圣归来》《哪吒之魔童降世》《白蛇:缘起》等国产动漫用“国风”挖掘中国故事;《国家宝藏》《唐宫夜宴》《只此青绿》等节目用新手段激活传统文化魅力;《人世间》《甄嬛传》《琅琊榜》等国产影视以“华流”圈粉无数;《这!就是街舞》《我们的歌》《声入人心》等国产综艺以原创引领潮流……
《唐宫夜宴》节目截图穿汉服过端午中秋,看国潮风文艺作品,传统文化正成为中国年轻人生活的一部分。他们在助推传统文化复兴的同时,也赋予其更多新的时代内涵。在潮流之外,年轻人更期待看到的是中国文化独特的审美趣味和精神内涵,而非中国元素的简单堆砌。
有观察家指出,国潮就是一场传统文化的“再发现”与“再流行”。
资料图:2月4日晚,第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会开幕式在北京国家体育场举行。中新社记者 崔楠 摄从“追逐潮流”到“开创潮流”
每次奥运会开幕式后,都会迎来世界各地观众的点评,北京冬奥会也不例外。而在众多声音中,一种观点认为,没有功夫、杂技,北京冬奥会开幕式“太不中国了”。
然而,正是这样一个看似“不够中国”的开幕式,以更加自信的方式展现出中国的传统文化美与数字科技美,在历史沉淀外更贴近时代脉搏,赢得国际社会的一片好评。
事实上,不只北京冬奥会,国潮的兴起,正在逐渐打破种种关于中国的刻板印象。功夫、旗袍、茉莉花……渐渐被中国网文、中国游戏和音乐、中国美妆服饰等新的文化元素所替代。
资料图:游客在“打卡”拍照。周孙榆 摄与之同理的,还有中国故事的讲述。近些年来,好莱坞式的中国故事往往难以取得中国观众的认可。在价值观之外,陈词滥调的“套路”正使其失去吸引力。
谁来定义国潮?新一代中国年轻人,渴望用自己的视角,讲述中国人的故事,对中国审美再定义。
从仰视世界到更自信地平视世界,从追逐潮流到做潮流的开创者。国潮出海,背后是国人心态的变化,也是文化自信的提升。
何以中国?又当如何阐释中国?新一代年轻人如今已经接过这一命题。从这一角度而言,国潮出海,或许只是一个开端。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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